Drive mechanism for cassette tape recorders

ABSTRACT

A drive mechanism for cassette tape recorders is disclosed wherein first and second reel bases are rotated in opposite tape take-up directions to pull in the slack of a tape after a cassette is loaded and an electrical power is turned on. After the tape slack is removed, a drive and transmission mechanism is changed into a playback state. A detector is employed to detect the stoppage of tape run as a result of pulling in the tape slack to actuate release means which selectively disconnects one of two transmission means to first and second reel bases from a drive unit.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to cassette tape recorders, and more particularly, to a drive mechanism for use in compact cassette tape recorders such as car stereo equipment.

A compact cassette has two reel hubs on which a tape is wound. When a cassette is left unattended, reel hubs tend to rotate due to vibration or the like, loosening the tape. If a cassette with its tape slack is loaded in a tape recorder and playback operation is immediately started without pulling in such slack, the tape often twines round a capstan, disabling the playback operation as well as breaking the tape.

It is desirable to pull in the slack of a tape by rotating a reel hub before the playback operation is started. Several mechanisms for pulling in the slack of a tape have been proposed heretofore. For example, one reel base is rotated to pull in the tape slack until the other reel base begins to rotate. This rotation of the other reel base is electrically detected to change the recorder into a playback state. Such removal of tape slack is time consuming. Since a device for detecting the rotation of the other reel base must be incorporated in a tape stop detecting mechanism, a special circuit is required to detect the beginning of reel base rotation. Furthermore, if tape slack pulling-in operation is once effected, any additional pulling-in can not be done automatically during transition from a fast forward or rewind operation to a playback operation.

Therefore, an object of this invention is to provide a drive mechanism for use in a cassette tape recorder wherein two reel bases are rotated in opposite tape take-up directions to pull in the slack of a tape immediately.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to this invention, there is provided a drive mechanism for use in a cassette tape recorder including first and second reel bases, which comprises drive means for driving the first and second reel bases to rotate them in opposite tape take-up directions to pull in the slack of a tape, the drive means being actuated after a cassette is loaded and an electrical power is turned on, and means for interrupting the drive to one of the reel bases after the tape slack is pulled in.

Preferably, a drive mechanism for use in a cassette tape recorder comprises a drive unit adapted to be energized after a cassette is loaded and an electrical power is turned on, two transmission means for normally connecting the drive unit to first and second reel bases to rotate both the reel bases in opposite tape take-up directions to pull in the slack of a tape, a detector for detecting the stoppage of tape run, and release means associated with said detecting means for selectively disconnecting one of said transmission means from the drive unit after the removal of tape slack is detected.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a tape recorder according to this invention;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the tape recorder with its chassis removed;

FIG. 3 is a perspective exploded view of the tape recorder;

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a mechanism for advancing a head carriage in a playback state;

FIGS. 5 and 6 are plan views showing a mechanism for changing the direction of tape run when the head carriage is in the recording/playback position, FIG. 5 being in the forward direction and FIG. 6 being in the reverse direction;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a reel base assembly;

FIGS. 8 and 9 are plan views showing a mechanism for detecting tape stop, FIG. 8 being from tape slack pulling-in to tape stop and FIG. 9 being from normal tape feed to tape stop;

FIG. 10 is a plan view of the tape recorder in a forward playback state;

FIG. 11 is a plan view of the tape recorder in a reverse playback state;

FIG. 12 is a plan view of the tape recorder in a fast forward state; and

FIGS. 13, 14 and 15 are plan views showing a ratchet mechanism for stopping reel shafts, FIG. 13 being in a tape slack pulling-in operation, FIG. 14 being in a playback state and FIG. 15 being in a rewind state.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, numeral 1 generally designates a chassis on which a motor 2 is fixedly mounted. First and second flywheels 3 and 4 are affixed on rotating shafts 3a and 4a which are at their lower ends journalled in a backing plate 5 attached to the underside of chassis 1 and at their upper ends journalled in supports 6 and 7 bolted to chassis 1. Since the portions of rotating shafts 3a and 4a which project beyond supports 6 and 7 serve as a capstan, rotating shafts 3a and 4a are referred to as capstans hereinafter. Supports 6 and 7 have guide pins 6a and 7a formed integral therewith and perpendicular thereto which are to be inserted into two guide holes in a cassette. Numeral 8 is a pulley rotatably supported in a mounting plate 42 which is secured to chassis 1 for installing a tape stop detecting unit to be described hereinafter. A belt 9 is trained around pulley 8, first and second flywheels 3 and 4, and a pulley 2b fixedly mounted on a rotating shaft 2a of motor 2 as clearly shown in FIG. 2. Motor 2 drives first and second flywheels 3 and 4 and pulley 8 through this belt transmission.

First and second flywheels 3 and 4 are provided with gears 3a and 4a which mesh with idle gears 10a and 11a rotatably mounted on control levers 10 and 11. Idle gears 10a and 11a in turn mesh with gears 12a and 13a associated with first and second reel bases 12 and 13. With this arrangement, both first and second reel bases 12 and 13 rotate in tape take-up directions when first and second flywheels 3 and 4 are rotated in by means of motor 2. Control levers 10 and 11 in the form of a substantially C-shaped lever are at one end pivotally mounted on pins 1a and 1b anchored to chassis 1. The other ends or contact portions 10c and 11c of control levers 10 and 11 are biased toward each other by a spring 11e and disposed in a facing relationship to the opposite edges of a head 41a of a selector arm 41 to be described hereinafter. Idle gears 10a and 11a are located on the control levers near, but spaced apart from contact portions 10c and 11c. Pivotal movement of control levers 10 and 11 about pins 1a and 1b causes idle gears 10a and 11a to travel along the outer periphery of gears 12a and 13a of first and second reel bases 12 and 13 so that the idle gears may be selectively released from gears 3b and 4b of first and second flywheels 3 and 4. Control levers 10 and 11 are further provided with upright tabs 10d and 11d capable of engaging with release levers 20 and 21. The release levers cooperate with upright tabs 10d and 11d to move control levers 10 and 11 so as to release idle gears 10a and 11a from gears 3b and 4b when the release levers are rotated about pins 1a and 1b as described hereinafter.

Numerals 14 and 15 designate plungers secured to the underside of chassis 1 and their rods have pins 14a and 15a which project upward through slots in chassis 1. Interlocking levers 16 and 17 are pivotally mounted on pins 14a and 15a. Springs 18 and 19 are connected to chassis 1 and to each one end of levers 16 and 17. The other ends of levers 16 and 17 are pivotally connected to one ends of release levers 20 and 21. Release levers 20 and 21 are also pivotally mounted substantially at the center on pins 1a and 1b on chassis 1. Numeral 22 designates a lock plate pivotally mounted on a pin 1c on chassis 1. Lock plate 22 has an upright tab 22a engageable with projections at the other ends of release levers 20 and 21 and a jaw 22b engageable with a roller 24c on a head carriage 24. Lock plate 22 is biased clockwise by a spring 23.

Head carriage 24 is formed with a guide groove 24a which receives a pin 1d on chassis 1 and provided with a pin 24b which is received by a guide groove (not shown) in chassis 1. These pins and grooves allow the head carriage to linearly reciprocate. In the drawings, head carriage 24 is shown as having only a playback head 25 thereon while any recording and erasing heads may also be mounted on the carriage if a recording function is required for the tape recorder. Head carriage 24 has at the extremity thereof a roller 24c which may be brought into engagement with jaw 22b of lock plate 22 when head carriage 24 moves forward (down-wards in FIG. 1).

Numerals 26 and 27 designate pinch roller units including support frames 26a and 27a pivotally mounted on pins 1e and 1f on chassis 1. Frames 26a and 27a have pinch rollers 26b and 27b rotatably mounted therein and auxiliary rollers 26c and 27c (FIG. 5) rotatably mounted below the frames. Coil springs 26d and 27d are wound on pins 1e and 1f between opposing walls of frames 26a and 27a. As seen from FIG. 1, one end each of coil springs 26d and 27d abut against upright tabs 24d and 24e formed at the lateral extremities of head carriage 24. Auxiliary rollers 26c and 27c face recesses 24f and 24g in head carriage 24.

Numeral 28 designates a selector plunger fixedly mounted on chassis 1 for controlling the advance of the head carriage and selecting the direction of tape run. A lever 29 for effecting the advance of the head carriage has an angular shape and is pivotally mounted on a pin 1g depending from the underside of chassis 1. Lever 29 has a forked end 29b which engages with guide pin 24b on head carriage 24 and at the other end is provided with a pin 29a. A control plate 30 having a claw 30a is pivotally mounted on pin 29a. Control plate 30 is biased clockwise by a spring 31 surrounding pin 29a so that plate 30 normally abuts against an upright tab 29c formed on head carriage advancing lever 29. A spring 32 is connected between the other end of head carriage advancing lever 29 and chassis 1 so as to bias lever 29 counterclockwise. Claw 30a of control plate 30 is in engagement with a pin 28a on the rod of selector plunger 28 when head carriage 24 is retracted or in the rest position and lever 29 is placed in position as biased by spring 32. The claw is out of the reciprocating path of pin 28a when head carriage 24 is advanced or in the forward position.

Numeral 33 designates an interlocking lever which is mounted for rotation on a pin 1h on chassis 1 and pivoted at one end to the free end of selector plunger 28 by means of pin 28a. A small swing lever 34 is swingably mounted on a pin li on chassis 1 and has a pin 34a secured at one end thereof and depending therefrom to the underside of chassis 1. With head carriage 24 in its rest position, swing lever 34 is kept aligned in a lateral direction due to engagement with upright tabs 24b and 24h of head carriage 24. An elongated T-shaped, large swing lever 35 is disposed below and in parallel with small swing lever 34 and has a longitudinal slot 35a through which pin 34a of swing lever 34 extends. Lever 35 has a pin 35b at one end thereof which is pivotally connected to the other end of interlocking lever 33. Inside both the shoulders of T-shaped lever 35 are formed engaging recesses 35c and 35d. A T-shaped control member 36 is at the center pivotally mounted on a pin 1j on chassis 1. T-shaped member 36 is provided at its base portion with a pin 36a on which a wire spring 37 is wound and secured. The free end of wire spring 37 penetrates through a hole in a wall 36b upstanding from the member and further extends between two projections 34b on swing lever 34. T-shaped member 36 has engaging studs 36c and 36d extending downward below chassis 1. These studs 36c and 36d alternately engage with recesses 35c and 35d of swing lever 35 when head carriage 24 is in the forward position. A torsion spring 38 is connected to one arm of T-shaped control member 36 so that the pivotally movable control member may selectively be held in either of the two positions. Another spring 39 is secured to swing lever 34 and to chassis 1 so that the small swing lever is biased to the left in the drawings.

Numeral 40 designates a slide lever which has longitudinal slots 40a adapted to receive pins (not shown) depending from the underside of chassis 1 as best shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. This pin and slot arrangement allows slide lever 40 to move in a lateral direction. Slide lever 40 is provided at one end with an open groove 40b adapted to receive stud 36d depending from T-shaped control member 36. Slide lever 40 is shaped so that it has lands and troughs. Lands 40c and 40d may engage with auxiliary rollers 26c and 27c of the above-mentioned pinch roller units 26 and 27 to control their contact with capstans 3a and 4a, and other lands 40e and 40f may engage with rollers 41b and 41c of a selection arm 41 (to be described hereinafter) to control the pivotal movement thereof. Substantially cross-shaped selection arm 41 includes a center leg pivotally mounted on pin 24b on head carriage 24, a head 41a located between opposing contact portions 10c and 11c of the above-mentioned control levers 10 and 11, and two lateral legs having rollers 41b and 41c.

Numeral 42 designates a plate for mounting a tape stop detecting unit. Under plate 42 there are pivotally mounted for rotation the above-mentioned pulley 8, a larger gear 43 meshing with a gear 8a formed concentrically with pulley 8, and a cam disc 44 having at the outer periphery a gear 44a meshing with a smaller gear 43a formed integrally with larger gear 43. On the upper surface of cam disc 44 which faces mounting plate 42 there are formed a cam groove 44b defined within an eccentric peripheral wall and at the center a cam 44c having a tooth 44d. A switch 45 for energizing the above-mentioned selector plunger 28 is disposed below mounting plate 42 and an actuating lever 46 is pivotally mounted on plate 42 adjacent switch 45. Lever 46 includes one end facing the contact member of switch 45 to cooperate with it so as to open or close switch 45 and the other end pivotally connected to one end of a cam follower 47. A pin 47a extends perpendicular to cam follower 47. The lower portion of pin 47a is received in cam groove 44b and the upper portion extends through a guide groove 42a in mounting plate 42. A detection arm 48 includes a guide portion 48a received in guide groove 42a with an allowance and also includes a pivot 48b received for rotation in a hole 42b formed in mounting plate 42. Detection arm 48 is forked at 48c so as to engage with pin 47a of cam follower 47. A detection lever 49 is pivotally mounted on arm 48 by inserting a pin 48d (protruding from guide portion 48a) into a hole 49a formed at the center of lever 49. Lever 49 is provided with longitudinal slots 49b and 49c at either end. Through slots 49b and 49c are extended downward protrusions of slip plates 12b and 13b which are disposed below the above-mentioned first and second reel bases 12 and 13. As apparent from FIG. 7, slip plate 13b is mounted on a shaft 13c of reel base 13 by forcing slip plate 13b via a felt pad 13e to a flange 13f of the shaft by means of a spring 13d. Shaft 13c is in slip drive engagement with gear 13a. (Shaft 13c rotates together with driven gear 13a through their frictional engagement. However, when a tape comes to an end, for example, the shaft is stopped and slides over the rotating gear.) Rotation of reel base 13 (including gear 13a and shaft 13b) drives slip plate 13b when no load is applied to the slip plate. However, slip plate 13b stops rotating and slides over rotating flange 13f when any load is applied to the slip plate. The same applies to first reel base 12 and associated slip plate 12b because the structure is the same for both of the first and second reel bases. It should be noted that the tips of the protrusions of slip plates 12b and 13b are received for free movement in openings 42c and 42d in mounting plate 42.

Numeral 50 designates a track change switch adapted to be switched due to pivotal movement of T-shaped control member 36 so as to energize a selected coil of playback head 25. Numeral 51 designates a switch associated with head carriage advancing lever 29. When head carriage 24 is in the forward position, switch 51 is switched by means of lever 29 into a first position wherein motor 2 rotates at a low constant speed. Switch 51 is in a second position wherein motor 2 rotates at a high speed when head carriage 24 is restored.

The entire structure of the tape recorder according to this invention has been described. The operation thereof will now be described.

With no cassette loaded, head carriage 24 is in the rest position and selection arm 41 is in the neutral position so that its head 41a is spaced apart from contact portions 10c and 11c of control levers 10 and 11. That is, neither control portion 10c nor 11c is displaced by head 41a. Accordingly, idle gear 10a meshes with gear 3a of first flywheel 3 and with gear 12a of first reel base 12 while idle gear 11a meshes with gear 4a of second flywheel 4 and with gear 13a of second reel base 13 as shown in FIG. 1.

Then a cassette (not shown) is loaded, thereby turning a power switch (not shown) to energize motor 2. Since head carriage 24 is still in the rest position, switch 51 is in the second position so that motor 2 rotates at a high speed in a direction indicated by an arrow in FIG. 2. Therefore, both first and second reel bases 12 and 13 are rotated in opposite take-up directions to pull in the slack of a tape whenever the tape is loose. Rotation of reel bases 12 and 13 drives slip plates 12b and 13b in the same directions to move detection lever 49 upward and in parallel as shown in FIG. 8. As lever 49 is moved, detection arm 48, whose guide portion 48a is moved within guide groove 42a, is rotated about pivot 48b, thereby displacing forked portion 48c clockwise to the right in the drawings. Since forked portion 48c is engaged with the upper end of pin 47a of cam follower 47, this rightward displacement of forked portion 48c causes the lower end of pin 47a to forcedly abut against the peripheral wall of cam groove 44b in cam disc 44. Even though cam disc 44 is being rotated by pulley 8 through the gear train, pin 47a is not engaged by tooth 44d of cam 44c and maintains its abutment against the wall of cam groove 44b.

When the slack of a tape has been pulled in, shafts 12c and 13c of reel bases 12 and 13 are prevented from rotating so that the rotational force frictionally applied to slip plates 12b and 13b is eliminated. It should be noted that reel bases 12 and 13, particularly gears 12a and 13a continue rotating or idling because they are mounted for sliding motion on shafts 12c and 13c. Pin 47a is allowed for free movement. Since cam disc 44 is continuously rotated by pulley 8, pin 47a in contact with the wall of eccentric cam groove 44b is guided to a position near the center of the disc and maintained thereat. After reaching the position nearest the center, pin 47a becomes free from the wall of cam groove 44b and follows a circular path containing tooth 44d of cam 44c. Eventually pin 47a is engaged by tooth 44d. Then tooth 44d pushes pin 47a and hence, cam follower 47 as shown in FIG. 9, thereby rotating switch actuating lever 46 counterclockwise to close switch 45. This is shown by dot-and-dash lines in FIG. 9. Selector plunger 28 which is electrically connected to switch 45 is thus energized.

Energization of plunger 28 causes the connecting rod to be retracted and control plate 30 with claw 30a engaged by pin 28a of the rod is also moved to the right, thereby rotating head carriage advancing lever 29 clockwise. Since forked portion 29b of lever 29 is engaged with guide pin 24b on head carriage 24, head carriage 24 is moved forward. Roller 24c provided below the tip of head carriage 24 is brought into locking engagement with jaw 22b of lock plate 22. As a result, head carriage 24 is restrained in the forward position even after selector plunger 28 is de-energized to extend its connecting rod. Clockwise rotation of head carriage advancing lever 29 also causes claw 30a to escape from pin 28a of the plunger and claw 30a is maintained outside the path of pin stroke because control plate 30 is biased against upright tab 29c by spring 31. Therefore, with head carriage 24 in the forward position, claw 30a is prevented from engaging with pin 28a even when plunger 28 is energized again.

While head carriage 24 is moved to the forward position, auxiliary rollers 26c and 27c of pinch roller units 26 and 27 are disengaged from the edges of recesses 24f and 24g in head carriage 24 and the one ends of coil springs 26d and 27d are engaged and urged by upright tabs 24d and 24e on the head carriage. The spring force causes pinch roller units 26 and 27 to pivot toward the respective capstans 3a and 4a.

It is now assumed that slide lever 40 has been moved to the right as shown in FIGS. 5 and 10. Then, auxiliary roller 26c of pinch roller unit 26 abuts against land 40e of slide lever 40, thereby preventing pinch roller unit from further rotating so that pinch roller 26b is kept apart from capstan 3a. Since roller 41b of selector arm 41 also abuts against land 40c of the lever, selector arm 41 is rotated counterclockwise through an angle to bring its head 41a into abutment with contact portion 10c of lever 10, thereby moving contact portion 10c to the right to release idle gear 10a from gear 3b of first flywheel 3.

On the other hand, auxiliary roller 27c of pinch roller unit 27 is disengaged from land 40d of slide lever 40. Therefore, pinch roller unit 27 is allowed to further rotate so that pinch roller 27b is brought into pressure contact with capstan 4a. Since head 41a of selector arm 41 does not abut against the contact portion 11c of control lever 11, the gear train including gear 4b of second flywheel 4, idle gear 11a and gear 13a of second reel base 13 is maintained. Further, head carriage advancing lever 29 changes switch 51 into the first position so that motor 2 rotates at a constant speed.

As a result, head 25 is brought into sliding contact with the tape, second reel base 13 starts rotating in a take-up direction, and the tape is passed in tensioned contact between capstan 4a and pinch roller 27b, starting a playback operation.

The playback operation proceeds until the tape reaches its end.

While the tape is being taken up by second reel base 13, slip plate 13b associated with the second reel base is rotated counterclockwise and slip plate 12b associated with first reel base 12 is also rotated counterclockwise so that detection lever 49 cooperatively connected between slip plates 12b and 13b is rotated clockwise about the projection of slip plate 12b as shown in FIG. 9. Accordingly, detection arm 48 is also rotated clockwise about pin 48b, and pin 47a (guided by forked portion 48c of the arm) is maintained in a position where the lower end of pin 47a is in contact with the peripheral wall of cam groove 44b in cam disc 44 so that pin 47a is free from cam tooth 44d.

When the tape stops running, shafts 12c and 13c of first and second reel bases 12 and 13 stop rotating, switch 45 is closed to energize selector plunger 28 as when the shafts stop rotating after the slack of a tape is pulled in. Energization of plunger 28 causes its rod to be retracted to pivotally move interlocking lever 33 clockwise. At this point, since claw 30a of control plate 30 is off the path of stroke of pin 28a with head carriage 24 in the forward position, retraction of the plunger rod has no action on head carriage advancing lever 29. Since slide lever 40 is shifted to the right, control member 36 with pin 36d engaged with groove 40b in the slide lever is pivoted counterclockwise (see FIG. 5). Thus small swing lever 34 is pivoted clockwise by means of wire spring 37. With pin 34a received in slot 35a, large swing lever 35 is also pivoted clockwise and its recess 35d is in engagement with pin 36d of T-shaped control member 36. With this arrangement shown in FIG. 5, the above-described clockwise rotation of interlocking lever 33 causes large swing lever 35 to be pulled to the left to rotate control member 36 clockwise as shown in FIGS. 6 and 11. Slide lever 40 is thus shifted to the left through the engagement of pin 36d in groove 40b, auxiliary roller 27c of pinch roller unit 27 rides over land 40d and roller 41c of selection arm 41 rides over land 40f. Accordingly, pinch roller 27b is separated from capstan 4a and clockwise rotation of selection arm 41 causes its head 41a to abut and push contact portion 11c of control lever 11 to the left, disengaging idle gear 11a from gear 4b of second flywheel 4 so that any rotational force is no longer transmitted to second reel base 13. On the other hand, auxiliary roller 26c of pinch roller unit 26 is disengaged from land 40c to bring pinch roller 26b into pressure contact with capstan 3a. Further, head 41a of selection arm 41 is separated from contact portion 10c of control lever 10 to put idle gear 10a in mesh with gear 3b of first flywheel 3 and with gear 12a of first reel base 12 to complete the gear train. As a result, the tape starts running in the reverse direction. Pivotal movement of control member 36 turns switch 50 into the other position for energizing another channel of head 25, enabling to play back the reverse direction tracks.

In the above-mentioned condition, control member 36 is pivoted clockwise and small swing lever 34 is thus pivoted counterclockwise by means of wire spring 37. Therefore, large swing lever 35 is also pivoted counterclockwise so that its recess 35c is maintained in a position for engagement with pin 36c of control member 36. If the reverse playback operation comes to an end and selector plunger 28 is energized by detecting the stoppage of tape run with the tape stop detection unit in the same manner as described above, large swing lever 35 acts to rotate control member 36 counterclockwise to pull slide lever 40 to the right, which coincides with the initial state described above. The playback operation is again started in the forward direction.

If it is intended to change playback operation from the forward to the reverse direction midway of the forward playback operation, a suitable re-play button or other suitable means (not shown) is pushed to close switch 45 to energize selector plunger 28. A playback operation in the reverse direction is started in a similar manner as described with reference to the detection of tape end.

Next, a rewind operation will be initiated midway of the forward playback operation wherein the tape is taken up to the left.

A rewind button (not shown) is pushed to close the associated switch, thereby energizing release plunger 15 to retract its rod. Interlocking lever 17 is moved against the action of spring 19 to pivot release lever 21 counterclockwise about pin 1b. The extension at the other end of lever 21 abuts against upright tab 22a of lock plate 22, thereby rotating lock plate 22 counterclockwise against the action of spring 23. Therefore, jaw 22b is disengaged from roller 24c of head carriage 24 which is moved back by the action of spring 32 through lever 29. Counterclockwise rotation of release lever 21 also causes the release lever to engage upright tab 11d of control lever 11, thereby pivotally moving control lever 11 to separate gear 11a from gear 4b of second flywheel 4 so that second reel base 13 becomes free. Pinch roller 27b is separated from capstan 4a due to engagement of auxiliary roller 27c in recess 24g. On the other hand, head 41a of selection arm 41 which is moved back with head carriage 24 is drawn apart from contact portion 10c of control lever 10. Then control lever 10 is restored to the initial position by the action of spring 11e, re-establishing the gear train including gear 3b of first flywheel 3, idle gear 10a and gear 12a of first reel base 12. Further, as head carriage is moved back, lever 29 acts to turn switch 51 into the second position so that motor 2 rotates at a high speed. Accordingly, first reel base 12 rotates at a high speed to take up the tape.

When this rewind operation comes to an end or the tape runs out, switch 45 is closed to energize selector plunger 28 and de-energize release plunger 15, ensuring that head carriage 24 moves forward to start a playback operation in a similar manner as described with reference to the operation effected after tape end detection. In this case the playback operation is carried out in the same direction as is conducted before the rewind operation, because head carriage 24 in the rest position maintains small swing lever 34 laterally aligned with the aid of upright tabs 24d and 24f and hence large swing lever 35 in parallel therewith so that recesses 35c and 35d engages with neither pin 36c nor 36d of control member 36.

When it is intended to change a rewind operation into a playback operation midway of the rewind operation, a re-play button (not shown) is pushed to disconnect the associated electrical connection to release plunger 15. As a result, interlocking lever 17 is restored by the action of spring 19 and release lever 21 is also restored so that control lever 11 is returned to the initial position. Idle gear 11a meshes with gear 4b of second flywheel 4 and with gear 13a of second reel base 13 to rotate the second reel base 13 in a direction opposite to the rotating direction of first reel base 12, thereby pulling in the slack of a tape if any. After removal of the slack, head carriage 24 moves forward in the same manner as when loading a cassette, ensuring a playback operation in the same direction as is conducted before the rewind operation.

If it is intended to make a fast forward operation midway of the playback operation, a fast forward button (not shown) is pushed to energize release plunger 14. Detailed explanation may be omitted because the subsequent operations are essentially the same as, but in a mirror image relationship with the case of rewind operation described above.

Next, cassette eject operation is described. An eject lever (not shown) is manually operated to rotate lock plate 22 counterclockwise to release its locking engagement with roller 24c of head carriage 24. Thereafter, the cassette is ejected and the power source is turned off.

Although reference is made to the embodiment wherein a power switch is turned on in response to cassette loading, it may be possible to provide a separate manual power switch.

In the above-described embodiment, selector plunger 28 is energized for playback operation by detecting that reel shafts 12c and 13c stop rotating after the slack of a tape is pulled in by rotating first and second reel bases 12 and 13 in opposite take-up directions. However, it is possible to energize selector plunger 28 at a given time after the cassette loading. The selector plunger may also be energized after measuring or sensing the tension of a tape.

In the above-described embodiment, idle gears 10a and 11a normally mesh with gears 3b and 4b of first and second flywheels 3 and 4 and with gears 12a and 13a of first and second reel bases 12 and 13. However, it is possible to arrange the gears so that they are brought into meshing engagement after a cassette is loaded.

Referring again to FIG. 7 illustrating the reel base assembly. Shaft 13c is mounted for rotation on chassis 1 (depicted by dot-and-dash lines). Gear 13a is in turn mounted for rotation on shaft 13c and is arranged so as to mesh with idle gear 11a (not shown in FIG. 7). Gear 13a is supported between flange 13f and a spring biased member via felt pads (depcited as being spotted). In this assembly, the felt pad serves not only as frictional means, but also as sliding means. Generally the friction between the pad and gear 13a drives shaft 13c as gear 13a rotates. However, when the tape stops running as in the case of pulling in the slack of the tape or at the end of the tape, rotation of shaft 13c is prevented by the tensioned tape. At this time, the felt pads allow gear 13a to continuously rotate in sliding relationship. The friction exerted between the pad and the rotating gear should be high enough to drive the shaft by the gear, but should not exceed the tensile strength of a tape.

Another problem results from the difference in torque between two reel bases when the slack of a tape is pulled in by rotating the reel bases in opposite take-up directions. Since the amount of tape taken up is generally different between two reels, a difference in take-up torque results from the difference in diameter of the wound tape on the reels. The torque difference is maximum when the entire tape is take up on a single reel. Therefore, the tape will not stop running because of such torque difference even after the slack of the tape is pulled in. Provision of the above-mentioned frictional means is effective to prevent the tape from being continuously taken up on one reel. Unless the tape stops running after the slack of a tape has been pulled in, it is impossible to proceed to subsequent operations.

According to another aspect of this invention, while friction of a usually employed magnitude is applied between the reel base gear and the reel shaft, a provision is made in connection with the mechanism for pulling in the slack of a tape so that when either of the reel bases changes its rotation from a take-up direction to a supply direction after the elimination of tape slack, a stop engages the corresponding shaft of the reel base to prevent rotation of the shaft.

Referring to FIGS. 13-15, ratchet plates 52 and 53 of a substantially angular shape are mounted on pivots 52a and 53a on chassis 1. One end of each plate 52 and 53 extends below flanges 12f and 13f of reel bases 12 and 13. Plates 52 and 53 are provided at their upper surfaces with wedge-like detents 52b and 53b which cooperate with pawls 12g and 13g depending from the lower surface of flanges 12f and 13f. The detents 52b, 53b and pawls 12g, 13g are shaped and arranged so that the detent contacts, but does not lock the pawl when the reel base rotates in a take-up direction, whereas the detent locks the pawl to prevent the reel base from rotating when the reel base changes to rotate in a supply direction. On the other ends of ratchet plates 52 and 53 are formed pins 52c and 53c. A spring 54 is fitted between ratchet plates 52 and 53 so as to bias pins 52c and 53c in a direction away from each other. Pivotal movement of ratchet plates 52 and 53 by means of spring 54 is limited by stops 10e and 11e on control levers 10 and 11. Further, head carriage 24 at the portion adjacent to pins 52c and 53c is provided with guide grooves 24h and 24i for receiving the pins. These grooves are shaped so that ratchet plates 52 and 53 are rotated during the final forward movement of head carriage 24 to move detents 52b and 53b out of the circular path of pawls 12g and 13g.

The operation of this ratchet mechanism will be described below. In FIG. 13, head carriage 24 is in the rest position and reel bases 12 and 13 are rotated in opposite take-up directions. Since detents 52b and 53b are in the path of rotation of pawls 12g and 13g, the detents contact the pawls. However, due to the shape and arrangement of these members, ratchet plates 52 and 53 are yieldingly displaced against the action of spring 54 so that pawls 12g and 13g slidingly passe detents 52b and 53b. Flanges 12f, 13f and hence reel bases 12, 13 are allowed to rotate in this manner (see left reel base 13 shown in FIG. 13).

The reel bases rotate in opposite directions until the slack of a tape is eliminated. At this point, if the tape amount wound on reel base 13 is smaller than that on reel base 12, the tape is continuously taken up on reel base 13 and reel base 12 changes into a supply slide. Then detent 52b abuts and locks pawls 12g due to their shape and arrangement. Pawl 12g exerts a force to ratchet plate 52 to rotate it clockwise as viewed on FIG. 13. However, since stop 10e limits a further rotation of ratchet plate 52, the rotation of reel base 12 is inhibited (see right reel base 12 shown in FIG. 13). Thereafter, the above-mentioned tape stop detection unit operates to initiate a playback operation.

When the playback operation is to be started, head carriage 24 is moved to the forward position shown in FIG. 14. Pins 52c and 53c on ratchet plates 52 and 53 are first inserted into and then moved along guide grooves 24h and 24i in the carriage. Since the deeper portions of guide grooves 24h and 24i are shaped in an arc conforming the loci of rotation of pins 52c and 53c thus ratchet plates 52 and 53 are positively rotated against the action of spring 54 during the final forward movement of head carriage 24. Consequently, detents 52b and 53b are moved out of the path of rotation of pawls 12g and 13g. It is apparent from the drawings that the ratchet plates give no hindrance to control levers 10 and 11, either of which (for example, control lever 11 in the illustrated embodiment) is displaced by the head of selection arm 41 during the playback operation.

In order to provide either fast forward or rewind operation in the condition shown in FIG. 13, it is necessary to prevent the detent on the supply side from engaging with the corresponding pawl. For example, when a tape is taken up to the right in FIG. 15, control lever 11 is pivotally moved by means of selection arm 41. Stop 11e on control lever 11 is displaced away from ratchet plate 53, thereby allowing ratchet plate 53 to be further rotated by the action of spring 54. As a result, detent 53b is moved inside the rotation path of pawl 13g so that the detent may not be engaged by the pawl. Therefore, reel base 13 may rotate in a supply direction without any interference, ensuring smooth winding of the tape. A take-up operation in the opposite direction is substantially the same as described above and the detailed explanation thereof is omitted.

In the above-described embodiments, a playback operation is automatically provided after the slack of a tape is eliminated. It may also be devised to interrupt the rotation of motor 2 or interrupt the rotation of reel bases 12 and 13 by disengaging idle gears 10a and 11a from gears 3b and 4b before any desired one of playback, fast forward and rewind buttons is pushed to selectively move idle gear 10a or 11a into mesh with gear 3b or 4b to rotate reel base 12 or 13.

In order to detect that the slack of a tape is removed or a tape is tensioned, the tape stop detecting unit including slip plates 12b, 13b, detection lever 49, detection arm 48, cam disc 44, cam follower 47, actuating lever 46 and switch 45 is described in the above embodiment. For the same purpose, a sensor may be provided so as to cooperate with the tape. Such a sensor may be a mechanical sensor whose sensing member is positioned so that it may be moved by the tensioned tape. An electric detector may also be employed which can measure the rotational speed of the first and second reel bases and detecting a substantial decrease of the rotational speed resulting from the removal of the tape slack.

In addition, a detector for detecting an interval between tunes recorded in the tape may also be incorporated with the drive mechanism according to this invention. Such an interval detector may be electrically connected with plunger 28 so that when a given interval between tunes is detected during a fast forward or rewind operation, an idle gear which has been disengaged is brought in mesh with the corresponding drive gear, thereby stopping tape run. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A drive mechanism for use in a cassette tape recorder including first and second reel bases rotatably mounted on a chassis, comprisingdrive means for rotating the first and second reel bases in opposite tape take-up directions to pull in the slack of a tape after a cassette is loaded and an electrical power is turned on, and means for changing said drive means into another state after substantial removal of the tape slack.
 2. A drive mechanism according to claim 1 wherein said changing means selectively interrupts the rotation of the first and second reel bases by detecting the stoppage of tape run as a result of pulling in the tape slack.
 3. A drive mechanism according to claim 1 wherein said drive means includesa drive unit adapted to be energized after a cassette is loaded and an electrical power is turned on, and two transmission means for normally transmitting the driving force from the drive unit to the first and second reel bases to rotate the first and second reel bases in opposite tape take-up directions.
 4. A drive mechanism according to claim 3 wherein said changing means includesdetecting means for detecting the stoppage of tape run, and release means associated with said detecting means for selectively cancelling the transmission to either of the first and second reel bases.
 5. A drive mechanism according to claim 4 wherein said detecting means is provided in combination with said reel bases.
 6. A drive mechanism according to claim 4 wherein said detecting means is a sensor arranged to cooperate with the tape whereby said sensor detects that the tape is tensioned.
 7. A drive mechanism according to claim 6 wherein said sensor is a mechanical sensor movable by the tensioned tape.
 8. A drive mechanism according to claim 4 wherein said detecting means is an electric detector capable of measuring the rotational speed of the first and second reel bases and detecting a substantial decrease of the rotational speed resulting from removal of the tape slack.
 9. A drive mechanism for use in cassette tape recorder including first and second reel bases rotatably mounted on a chassis, comprisinga drive unit adapted to be energized after a cassette is loaded and an electrical power is turned on, two transmission means for normally connecting the drive unit to the first and second reel bases to rotate the first and second reel bases in opposite tape take-up directions, detecting means for detecting the stoppage of tape run as a result of pulling in the tape slack, and release means associated with said detecting means for selectively disconnecting one of said transmission means from the drive unit after removal of the tape slack.
 10. A drive mechanism for use in a cassette tape recorder including first and second reel bases rotatably mounted on a chassis and a head carriage mounted for sliding movement between rest and recording/playback positions on the chassis, comprisinga drive unit adapted to be energized after a cassette is loaded and an electrical power is turned on, two transmission means for normally connecting the drive unit to the first and second reel bases to rotate the first and second reel bases in opposite tape take-up directions, detecting means for detecting the stoppage of tape run as a result of pulling in the tape slack, release means associated with said detecting means for selectively disconnecting one of said transmission means from the drive unit after removal of the tape slack, and means associated with said detecting means for advancing the head carriage to the recording/playback position after removal of the tape slack.
 11. A drive mechanism according to claim 10 wherein said release means includes switching means for switching the drive unit into the recording/playback speed.
 12. A drive mechanism according to claim 11 wherein said switching means cooperates with said head carriage advancing means, thereby switching the drive unit into the recording/playback speed in response to the advance of the head carriage.
 13. A drive mechanism according to claim 10 wherein said transmission means include control levers pivotally mounted on the chassis and having idle gears which normally cooperate with said drive unit and with said first and second reel bases to rotate the first and second reel bases in opposite tape take-up directions.
 14. A drive mechanism according to claim 13 which further comprisesa selection arm pivotally mounted on said head carriage and cooperating with the control levers, and a slide lever slidably mounted on the chassis and cooperating with said selection arm to control the pivotal movement of the selection arm when the head carriage is advanced to the recording/playback position, whereby said slide lever pivotally moves the selection arm in one or the other direction to displace the corresponding control lever to disengage its idle gear from the drive unit.
 15. A drive mechanism according to claim 14 whereinsaid tape recorder further includes two pinch roller units and two capstans, said head carriage and pinch roller units are arranged so that the head carriage prevents the pinch roller units from contacting the capstants when the head carriage is in the rest position, but allows the contact therebetween when the head carriage is in the recording/playback position, and said slide lever also cooperates with the pinch roller units to prevent one pinch roller unit corresponding to the disengaged idle gear from contacting the capstan.
 16. A drive mechanism according to claim 10 wherein said head carriage advancing means includesa plunger secured to the chassis and associated with said detecting means so as to be energized in response to the detection of removal of the tape slack, and a head carriage advancing lever interlocking said plunger to said head carriage whereby said lever is moved in response to the energization of the plunger to advance the head carriage to the recording/playback position.
 17. A drive mechanism according to claim 16 wherein said release means includesa slide lever slidably mounted on the chassis in association with said head carriage, said slide lever selecting one of said transmission means to disconnect it from the drive unit and selecting one of the pinch roller units to contact it with the capstan when the head carriage is advanced to the recording/playback position, and means for shifting the slide lever in response to the energization of said plunger.
 18. A drive mechanism according to claim 17 which further comprises means for preventing the head carriage advancing lever from engaging the plunger when the head carriage is advanced to the recording/playback plsition, thereby preventing the head carriage from being restored to the rest position even when the plunger is de-energized.
 19. A drive mechanism according to claim 17 which further comprises means for disconnecting said slide lever shifting means from the plunger when said head carriage is in the rest position, thereby preventing the slide lever from shifting even when the plunger is energized.
 20. A drive mechanism according to claim 17 whereinsaid means for shifting the slide lever in response to the energization of the plunger includes an interlocking lever pivotally mounted on the chassis and connected at one end to the plunger, a first swing lever connected to the other end of said interlocking lever and provided with two opposite claws at the other end, a control member pivotally mounted on the chassis, spring biased between two positions and having two studs adapted to be alternately engaged with said claws of the first swing lever, one of said studs being also in engagement with the slide lever, and a second swing lever operatively connected to said control member for controlling said first swing lever to bring one of its claws into a position engageable with the stud, whereby when the plunger is energized with the head carriage in the recording/playback position, said interlocking lever pivotally moves to draw the first swing lever to bring one of its claw in engagement with the stud of the control member, thereby pivotally moving the control member from one to the other position to shift the slide lever in either direction.
 21. In a drive mechanism for use in a cassette tape recorder including a drive unit adapted to be operated after a cassette is loaded and an electrical power is turned on, two reel bases driven by said drive unit and two reel shafts mounted in a slip-drive manner on said reel bases, said reel shafts being normally rotated with the reel bases, but stopped with the reel bases idling when tape run is stopped, the improvement comprisestwo transmission means removably connecting said drive unit to the first and second reel bases to rotate the first and second reel bases in opposite tape take-up direction to pull in the slack of a tape, and stop means associated with the reel bases and shafts, said stop means allowing the reel shafts to rotate when the reel shafts rotate in a take-up direction, but preventing the reel shafts from rotating when a reel shaft on one side changes its rotation into a supply direction after the tape slack has been pulled in.
 22. A drive mechanism according to claim 21 which further comprises means for cancelling said stop means to allow the reel shaft to rotate in a supply direction when one of said transmission means on the supply side is disconnected from said drive means.
 23. A drive mechanism according to claim 21 wherein said stop means comprisesprojections formed at the lower portion of said reel shafts, and detents disposed adjacent said reel shafts, said detents being out of engagement with said projections when the reel bases rotate in the respective take-up directions, but one being in locking engagement with the corresponding projection to prevent the reel shaft from rotating when the rotation of a reel base on one side is reversed.
 24. A drive mechanism according to claim 23 which further comprises detent control means for moving at least one detent on a supply reel side out of the path of rotation of the corresponding projection to prevent said detent from engaging said projection during recording, playback, fast forward or rewind operation.
 25. A drive mechanism according to claim 24 wherein said transmission means includes control levers pivotally mounted on the chassis and having idle gears which removably cooperate with said drive unit and with said first and second reel bases to rotate the first and second reel bases in opposite tape take-up directions.
 26. A drive mechanism according to claim 25 wherein said detent control means cooperates with said control levers whereby the detent is moved out of the rotation path of the projection when a control lever is pivotally moved to disengage its idle gear from the drive means.
 27. A drive mechanism according to claim 23 wherein said stop means are frictional means cooperating with the reel shafts whereby both the reel shafts are braked to prevent the tensioned tape from being further taken up on either reel after the tape slack has been pulled in.
 28. A drive mechanism according to claim 27 wherein said frictional means is disposed between the reel base and the reel shaft.
 29. A drive mechanism according to claim 28 wherein said frictional means is a felt pad.
 30. A drive mechnism for use in a cassette tape recorder including first and second reel bases rotatably mounted on a chassis, comprisingdrive means adapted to be energized after a cassette is loaded and an electrical power is turned on, two transmission means for normally connecting said drive means to the first and second reel bases to rotate the first and second reel bases in opposite tape take-up directions to pull in the slack of a tape, and control means actuated by means of a suitable actuator equipped in the tape recorder for disconnecting one of said transmission means from the drive means to provide for a fast forward or rewind operation.
 31. A drive mechanism according to claim 30 wherein after the fast forward or rewind operation has been completed with the one transmission means disconnected from the drive means, said control means further serves to connect said one transmission means to the drive means again to rotate the first and second reel bases in opposite tape take-up directions to pull in the slack of a tape.
 32. A drive mechanism according to claim 30 wherein when another suitable actuator is actuated to cancel the fast forward or rewind operation midway thereof with said one transmission means disconnected from the drive means, said control means further serves to connect said one transmission means to the drive means again to stop tape run, andwherein the drive mechanism further comprises means for advancing a head carriage to the recording/playback position by detecting the stoppage of tape run.
 33. A drive mechanism according to claim 30, which further comprises a device for detecting an interval between tunes in the tape and actuating said control means, whereby when the device detects an interval during the fast forward or rewind operation with said one transmission means disconnected from the drive means, said control means acts to connect said one transmission means to the drive means again to stop tape tun.
 34. A drive mechanism for use in a cassette tape recorder of the type capable of recording and playing back in the forward and reverse directions and having two flywheels with their rotating shafts serving as capstants, characterized in thata rotating shaft of a motor and a pulley for driving a tape stop detecting unit are located on either side of one flywheel so that the line connecting said motor shaft and said pulley is substantially at right angles to the line connecting said two flywheel rotating shafts, and a belt is trained around the motor shaft, two flywheels and pulley so that the flywheels rotate in opposite directions. 